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The debate over the largest wolf species centers on the gray wolf (*Canis lupus*), which is generally considered the biggest, with males weighing up to 80 kilograms (176 pounds) and standing about 76 centimeters (30 inches) tall at the shoulder. In contrast, the red wolf (*Canis rufus*) is smaller, measuring around 66 centimeters (26 inches) and weighing between 20 to 36 kilograms (45 to 80 pounds), while the Ethiopian wolf (*Canis simensis*) is the smallest, weighing only 11 to 20 kilograms (24 to 42 pounds). Notably, the largest recorded gray wolf was from Yukon, Canada, weighing 103 kilograms (227 pounds). The extinct dire wolf (*Canis dirus*), often compared to modern wolves, was similar in size to the largest gray wolves. Interestingly, some dog breeds, such as the Old English Mastiff and St Bernard, can exceed the weight of these wolves, showcasing the diversity within the canine family. 
Published: Nov 21 2024, 6 pmeznews.inChildbirth has historically been fraught with pain and danger, but a significant shift occurred in the early 20th century when German obstetricians Bernhardt Kronig and Karl Gauss introduced a controversial method known as "Twilight Sleep." This technique combined morphine for pain relief and scopolamine to induce drowsiness and amnesia, allowing women to give birth without remembering the pain. Initially celebrated, the method attracted women from across the globe, including the United States. However, the reality was starkly different; while patients were restrained to prevent injury during labor, they often still experienced pain, evidenced by their screams. The procedure's popularity waned after the death of advocate Francis Carmody in 1915, and by the 1960s, reports of the harsh conditions and physical restraints used during the process led to its decline. Despite its initial promise, Twilight Sleep ultimately highlighted the dangers of inadequate medical oversight in childbirth.
Published: Nov 24 2024, 12 ameznews.inThe Ethiopian wolf (_Canis simensis_), Africa's most endangered carnivore, has existed for over 1.4 million years but now faces a critical threat of extinction. Endemic to the Ethiopian highlands, these slender canids are social animals that primarily hunt giant mole rats and are found in just six populations across alpine regions above 3,000 meters. Recent studies indicate that only 454 adult wolves remain, with their numbers declining due to human activities, particularly the spread of diseases from domestic dogs, such as rabies and canine distemper virus, which have devastated local populations by up to 75%. Additionally, agricultural expansion has encroached on their habitat, with 60% of suitable land converted for farming. Conservation efforts are urgently needed to protect their habitat, manage disease, and foster coexistence, as the future of the Ethiopian wolf is now heavily reliant on human intervention.
Published: Nov 19 2024, 3 ameznews.inA recent study by linguists from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics has identified the word "huh" as a nearly universal term across various languages, serving as a prompt for clarification in conversations. Published in PLOS ONE, the research examined "huh" in 31 languages, revealing that it shares similar phonetic characteristics, such as being a monosyllable with a questioning intonation. The study suggests that this interjection may have evolved through convergent linguistic development, akin to natural evolutionary processes, rather than being an innate sound. The researchers argue that "huh" effectively signals confusion and prompts a response, fulfilling essential communicative functions in dialogue. This finding challenges the notion that words across languages are entirely arbitrary, highlighting a fascinating exception in the realm of human communication.
Published: Nov 19 2024, 10 pmeznews.inA 2012 study has revealed that humans can identify the age of individuals based solely on their body odor, with younger participants able to discern older individuals from their scent. Researchers collected body odors from various age groups by having participants wear T-shirts with underarm pads for five nights, which were then sniffed by volunteers aged 20 to 30. Surprisingly, the study found that the so-called "old person smell," or "kareishu" in Japan, is perceived as neutral rather than unpleasant. Sensory neuroscientist Johan Lundström noted that while certain compounds like 2-Nonenal contribute to this distinct odor, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. The ability to detect age-related scents may serve evolutionary purposes, such as mate selection and identifying kin. Further research is needed to understand the implications of these findings and the potential advantages of age-related body odors in humans.
Published: Nov 23 2024, 10 pmeznews.inIn a groundbreaking study, scientists have successfully created a mouse using genes derived from ancient single-celled organisms, specifically choanoflagellates, which are believed to be the closest living relatives of animals. By introducing these ancient _Sox_ genes into mouse cells, researchers generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) capable of developing into various cell types. When these iPSCs were injected into a developing mouse embryo, they produced a chimera displaying traits from both the donor embryo and the iPSCs, including distinct black fur patches and dark eyes. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about the evolution of stem cells, suggesting that key genes for stem cell formation may have originated much earlier than previously thought. The findings, published in *Nature Communications*, could have significant implications for regenerative medicine, offering insights into how pluripotency mechanisms can be optimized for future medical advancements.
Published: Nov 19 2024, 8 pmeznews.inAtmospheric rivers, often described as "rivers in the sky," are long, narrow columns of water vapor that transport significant amounts of moisture across the globe, with the average river carrying double the water flow of the Amazon. First identified in 1994, these phenomena primarily occur in the extratropical regions of the North and South Pacific and Atlantic, delivering crucial rainfall to temperate areas, including the US West Coast, Europe, and Southeast Asia. While they account for 30 to 50 percent of annual precipitation in some regions, atmospheric rivers can also lead to extreme weather events, such as flooding and mudslides. Recent studies indicate a shift in their positions towards the poles due to climate change, potentially resulting in increased droughts in subtropical areas and wetter conditions in higher latitudes. As research continues, the impact of these atmospheric rivers on global water supplies and climate patterns remains a critical area of focus.
Published: Nov 23 2024, 5 pmeznews.inVeterinary experts are cautioning pet owners about the potential dangers of bed-sharing with dogs during winter months. While over half of pet owners enjoy sleeping alongside their dogs, concerns arise regarding overheating, particularly for small, elderly, or mobility-impaired dogs who may struggle to exit a warm bed. Katy Alexander, a veterinary researcher at Blue Cross in the UK, warns against using heavy or heated blankets, which could pose risks of burns or entrapment. Additionally, studies present mixed findings on sleep quality; while some suggest bed-sharing may disrupt sleep due to increased movement, others indicate it can enhance feelings of comfort and security. Historically, co-sleeping with pets has been common across cultures, prompting calls for further research into its implications for human-animal relationships and overall well-being.
Published: Nov 23 2024, 6 pmeznews.inOver 3,200 years ago, the Eastern Mediterranean and surrounding regions experienced a flourishing of interconnected civilizations during the Bronze Age, marked by advancements in technology, trade, and culture. However, this prosperity collapsed around the 12th century BCE, leading to a period of stagnation and decline known as the "Bronze Age Collapse." Major societies, including the New Kingdom of Egypt and the Hittite Empire, faced widespread destruction, with cities abandoned and writing systems lost. Historians suggest multiple factors contributed to this downfall, including invasions by the enigmatic "Sea Peoples," internal political instability, and environmental changes that caused droughts and food shortages. Archaeologist Eric Cline describes this collapse as a "perfect storm of calamities," highlighting that no civilization, regardless of its power, is immune to decline. The fall of these once-great societies serves as a stark reminder of the fragility of human achievement.
Published: Nov 20 2024, 8 pmeznews.inThe understanding of smoking's health risks has evolved significantly since the 1960s, when then US Surgeon General Luther L. Terry released a landmark report linking cigarette smoking to lung and laryngeal cancer. Prior to this, despite early warnings dating back to 1602, the dangers of tobacco were largely ignored, with many doctors even endorsing smoking. The rise in lung cancer cases in the 20th century prompted epidemiological studies, including significant case-control and cohort studies, which established a clear correlation between smoking and adverse health outcomes. Animal studies further demonstrated the carcinogenic properties of tobacco smoke. By the 1960s, mounting evidence led to increased public awareness and regulatory efforts, culminating in the 1964 report that changed perceptions of smoking. Today, smoking is recognized as a leading cause of cancer, with the World Health Organization attributing over 8 million deaths annually to tobacco use, prompting ongoing public health campaigns to reduce smoking rates globally.
Published: Nov 23 2024, 4 pmFor the fastest, latest, not so wokest news, 'experts say' you need to visit Eznews
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